Gs paper is very analytical in nature. Therefore scoring in this paper depends upon perspective. It is important for the students to inculcate pragmatic & policy based understanding of the issues of relevance . It is our endeavor to organize your efforts in this direction.
In last year Gs paper special weight age was given to Environment section .Question asked ,were conceptual in nature .In this module apart from basic understanding of our environment , we have tried to address various issues like development & environment pollution, environment & human health ,conservation of environment ,resource management etc. .Along with the environment special we are also releasing the sources used for the preparation of this module.
- Environment special 1
- Environment Special 2
Sample Note
The Complexities of UV-B and Amphibian Declines
· The detrimental effects of UV-B on amphibians varies among species and between populations of the same species. These effects also vary among life stages within the same species.
1. For example, in some species developing embryos die when exposed to low levels of ambient UV-B radiation whereas the embryos of other species show no overt effects of being exposed to high levels of UV-B radiation.
2. To complicate things even further, in some species the larval stage is more vulnerable than the embryo stage and in other species the most detrimental effects of UV-B radiation occurs after metamorphosis.
· Recent work suggests that amphibians have defense mechanisms to combat the harmful effects of UV-B radiation. Some species have an efficient mechanism of repairing UV-induced DNA damage at the molecular level.
1. However, these repair mechanisms vary in efficiency among species and even among life history stages within the same species. Some species have dark pigmentation which may inhibit the penetration of harmful solar rays. Other species avoid UV-B radiation by staying out of sunlight or by being active at night.
· The effects of UV-B radiation on amphibians are context dependent. For example, the amount of UV-B radiation an amphibian receives may be dependent upon weather conditions. In some regions, when rainfall is low and amphibians are in shallow water, they may receive higher doses of UV-B radiation than in years when rainfall is greater.
1. The amount of dissolved organic material (DOM) may affect how much UV-B radiation penetrates a body of water. Murky water with good amounts of DOM may impede penetration of UV-B radiation.
UV-B radiation may interact….& more
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